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| Wine barrels being prepared for transfer onto boats on the “Calhau” of Calheta, a strong wine producing village of Madeira in the 19th century. |
| Among
the distinguished British coming to Madeira to set up wine businesses
was the well-known Francis Newton, who arrived in 1745,
exiled from Scotland. He saw the full potential of the yet-to-be-developed wine and was one of those first few people during the Napoleonic occupation of the Iberian peninsula that suggested the process of fortification with brandy, which led to the permanent tradition of making Madeira a fortified vinho generoso. Before that time Madeira had been merely aged in wooden casks. Newton had a good market in England with the veteran officers who had returned from the Revolutionary War and yearned for a glass of Madeira wine like they had enjoyed across the Atlantic. |
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| Many wine lables started to appear during the 18th century | |
