THE SKILLED PROFESSION OF THE COOPER
 
Coopers in Funchal
The skilled cooper is hard to find. Some coopers receive orders from all over the world. The practice can still be seen in some of the wineries.
Not only are the winepresses prepared, but the barrels are also made ready, because they are as important as the must that goes into them.
The wine maker is always in the limelight and the cooper is sort of an unsung hero.
Centuries of trial and error have gone into the making of these fermentation chambers: the right wood, the right thickness, appropriate calking, and so on. After all, these containers had to be sturdy enough to be dragged by oxen along the roadway, to be pushed into the ocean by swimmers, and to be hoisted onto deck and rolled around as much as possible.  They had to resist heat and cold, heat and cold, could not leak or lose too much wine through evaporation, neither could they be too airtight.
A traditional form of transport for the wine
If it were at all possible on Madeira's steep and rocky terrain some of the wine was put into wine vats and pulled by cattle drawn bullock carts.

 

 
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Bjelkaroy & Barbosa, Lda 1997/8 - Design Limbo